Bpc 157 dose

Bpc 157 dose

To further confirm this result, we treated tendon fibroblasts with BPC 157 at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL) for 24 h and the expression of growth hormone receptor was found to increase in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 1 A,C).More interestingly, BPC 157, at the concentration of 0.5 μg/mL, significantly induced the …In rats and mice ingesting BPC 157 in their drinking water, the typical dosage ranged between 10 nanograms to 10 mcg (micrograms) per kg. The studied dosage for injections in rodents was within the same range [ 55 , 43 , 45 , 16 ].Dec 7, 2022 · The dosage of BPC 157 works out to be around 2.5 to 3.75 mcg per kilogram of body weight for an 80 kg adult. BPC 157 Peptide Capsules and Pills BPC 157 peptides can be taken orally as well in the ... BPC-157 Dosage Recommendations. BPC-157 peptide dosage recommendations can vary depending on different conditions and goals. When it comes to using BPC-157 for accelerated healing and tissue repair, the recommended dosage typically ranges from 250 to 500 micrograms per day.The FDA and BPC 157. Therapeutically, BPC-157 is not currently approved for use as a human drug. BPC-157 is legal for use in the US (though may have different rules in other jurisdictions), but is only available via prescription. Where to get BPC 157. You have to have a prescription from a doctor for BPC 157, and usually get them from your doctor. Step 1: Determine Your Dosage. The first step in using BPC-157 for joint pain relief is determining your dosage based on your specific needs. Most experts recommend an amount ranging between 250-500mcg per day administered through subcutaneous injection (injection just beneath the skin) for lasting results.The addition of growth hormone to BPC 157-treated tendon fibroblasts dose- and time-dependently increased the cell proliferation as determined by MTT assay and PCNA expression by RT/real-time PCR. Janus kinase 2, the downstream signal pathway of growth hormone receptor, was activated time-dependently by stimulating the BPC 157 …An official therapeutic dosage is yet to be established for BPC 157 via a medical authority, as it is not currently FDA-approved. However, anecdotally, users are having great success when taking 500 …EXAMPLE 1: Preparation of the monosodium salt of BPC157 (NaBPC157). [0041]. 0.5 g ... KBPC157 produced a consistently positive (dose and time dependent) anti ...It is believed to engage with various cellular signaling routes to manifest its actions. Investigations further imply that TB-500 might encourage angiogenesis, as well as cellular and tissue renewal. (2) Both BPC-157 and TB-500 are synthetic polypeptides, where TB-500 is composed of 43 amino acids, and BPC-157 is composed of 15 amino acids.In rats and mice ingesting BPC 157 in their drinking water, the typical dosage ranged between 10 nanograms to 10 mcg (micrograms) per kg. The studied dosage for injections in rodents was within the same range [ 55 , 43 , 45 , 16 ].Oct 10, 2023 · Injectable administration is preferable for treating injuries. Injecting BPC 157 subcutaneously, close to the injured area is the most effective way to use it as BPC 157 has incredible localized effects but mediocre systemic effects. The ideal injectable dosage range for BPC 157 is: 250mcg to 500mcg per day 500mcg oral is twice the subcutaneous dose. Most of the Naturopathic docs that prescribe oral BPC do 500mcg twice daily. That would get pretty expensive perhaps it’s cuz of the low bioavailability of the regular oral. Arg bpc is supposed to be equivalent absorption to injectable. I’m not sure the arg-BPC has better bioavailability.Mar 11, 2010 ... 7.0 and in saline, dose ranges and ways of application as ... The beneficial effect of BPC 157, a 15 amino acid peptide BPC fragment, on.BPC-157 Dosage; KPV Dosage; TB-500 Dosage; Reproductive Health & Tanning Menu Toggle. Kisspeptin-10 Dosage; Melanotan 1 Dosage; Melanotan 2 Dosage; PT-141 Dosage ... Feb 4, 2022 · The subcutaneous version of BPC 157 is usually at the dose of 500 micrograms per shot in which the consumer would roughly pay $600-$800 a month to take that 5 – 7 days a week. Our capsules are $169 for 60 capsules and each capsule contains 500 micrograms. Ifyou took one capsule a day it would roughly last you about 2 months for $169-so the ... 5mg/week. 1 shot or 5. Doesn’t matter. 3. seanstewart4868 • 3 yr. ago. Personally I spread 5mg of TB 500 and 5mg of BPC 157 over the course of a week. 1ml insulin syringe 600mcg tb 400mcg bpc together in the same syringe and rotate injection sites from RT/lt glutes, RT/lt stomach, RT/lt shoulders and it is effective for me. 2.BPC-157 Dosage. Although the scientifically proven dosage is indecisive because of the lack of pharmacologic studies on BPC-157, the unofficial yet best dosage of BPC-157 suggests around 1mcg to 10mcg per kg of body weight. This means that, on average, an adult human can regularly administer somewhere between 200mcg to 1000mcg of this peptide.Sep 25, 2020 · BPC-157 has been shown to: Promote tendon and ligament healing by tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration in a rodent model of Achilles tendon rupture, and also when administered in drinking water to rats with damaged medial collateral ligaments. The FDA and BPC 157. Therapeutically, BPC-157 is not currently approved for use as a human drug. BPC-157 is legal for use in the US (though may have different rules in other jurisdictions), but is only available via prescription. Where to get BPC 157. You have to have a prescription from a doctor for BPC 157, and usually get them from your doctor.4 MLs Bacteriostatic water mixed with 10 mg of BPC which yields 250 mcg per 1/10 of an ML (10 units). I have been dosing 20 units (500 mcgs once per day into the rear delt). after 1 day, the shoulder felt better than it had in months. Today, 5 daily shots later, the pain is gone and my shoulder is back to 90%.Wh0racl3 • 3 yr. ago • Edited 3 yr. ago. 250mcg to 500mcg, twice a day. Shoot into mouth and chase with water so that it makes it to your stomach. Buy sterile water to mix the peptide. DirectorFragrant • 3 yr. ago. 200-400mcg I take orally.Celecoxib (1 g/kg b.w. ip) in rats. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (known to inhibit these lesions, 10 μg/kg, 10 ng/kg, or 1 ng/kg ip) and L-arginine (100 …As of January 1, 2022, the experimental peptide BPC-157 is prohibited under the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List. Furthermore, this substance is not approved for human clinical use by any global regulatory authority and it may lead to negative health effects. Keep reading for more information on a peptide that is making its way ...BPC 157 and other peptides do not work well alongside others, also certain medications are prone to cause drug-to-drug interaction if taken with BPC 157 peptide. BPC 157 Dosage and Dosage FormsThe Ultimate Healing Supplement Prohealix combines 17 carefully selected and efficaciously dosed ingredients in ideal ratios to create a synergy that promotes healing, accelerated tissue repair, joint health and mobility, energy and recovery support, reduced inflammation, enhanced antioxidant defense, and overall well-BPC 157 dosage. I am having distal bicep tendon surgery in a few days. Heard BPC 157 is awesome for recovery. I found a place to buy it. It's in a vial and says 5mg. Just wondering on dosing. I hear 2x per day in the area is best. But how do I know how much BAC to mix it with and also how much for the dose? This thread is archived.Nov 3, 2021 · In rats and mice ingesting BPC 157 in their drinking water, the typical dosage ranged between 10 nanograms to 10 mcg (micrograms) per kg. The studied dosage for injections in rodents was within the same range [ 55 , 43 , 45 , 16 ]. For example, the recommended dosage of BPC-157 is 1mcg to 10mcg per kg of body weight which accounts for 200mcg to 1000mcg per injection. But note that BPC-157 is not approved by the FDA for human use. On the other hand, TB-500, another potential peptide for quick healing is usually dosed at 7.66mg per week.Sgmetal • 3 yr. ago. For a muscle tear you should also get TB-500 which is a peptide a bit more specific for muscle healing. 15mg total at 750mcg a day. BPC will help with muscle tear, but TB-500 will help more through some seperate MOAs. I'd run both. As for a quick dosage/protocol reference guide I've updated the Tailor Made compounding ... Storage & Dosage Recommendations for BPC-157 & TB-500/TB4 & Difference Between TB-500 vs TB4 . ... I’ll be ordering 2 vials of 10mg BPC-157 and plan to dose 250mcg twice a day so 500mcg per day, thus 1 10mg vial will last me 20 days (10,000mcg vial / 500 mcg per day) so 2 vials will last me 40 days which is just about 6 weeks, which is the ...In today’s fast-paced world, staying informed about the latest news is more important than ever. With the advancement of technology, we now have access to news at our fingertips through various news apps. However, with so many options avail...TB-500 vs BPC-157. The key difference that separates both the peptides is the effect that each exerts. While TB-500 creates a localized effect, BPC-157 travels all across the body. BPC-157 lies in a grey area in terms of approval by WADA, whereas TB-500 is completely banned, which makes things a bit doubtful. Also, the frequency of …Feb 21, 2023 ... BPC 157 is a peptide and currently, there are no real regulations regarding peptides, the sale thereof, or limitations to dosing. For this ...Yes, BPC-157 can be used for camels. If you participate in camel racing, all Thymosin Labs products can be very helpful, as this sport places high stress on the animals’ joints and connective tissues. Unlike most peptides, which have been proven to be effective only via administration by injection, there are lingering questions surrounding ...If you’re an athlete or participate in professional sports, you should definitely avoid BPC-157 and any of its derivatives. The reason being the inclusion of BPC-157 in the WADA handbook of prohibited substances.. According to their list, BPC-157 is a ‘ non-approved substance ’ and marked as ‘ S0 ’. Many athletes have (ab)used BPC-157 for its …In this respect, BPC 157 was concluded to be the most potent angiomodulatory agent, acting through different vasoactive pathways and systems (e.g. NO, VEGF, FAK) and leading to optimization of the vascular response followed, as it has to be expected, by optimization of the healing process. Formation of new blood vessels involves two main ... An official therapeutic dosage is yet to be established for BPC 157 via a medical authority, as it is not currently FDA-approved. However, anecdotally, users are having great success when taking 500 …But while they serve very similar purposes, both BPC-157 and TB-500 are distinct peptides… BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid long peptide derived from “Body protecting compound” (BPC), a gastrointestinal protein that was first isolated from gastric juices in the early 1990s. Just like TB-500, BPC-157 gives you the same end result via a ...RDTCF: Get the latest Rapid Dose Therapeutics stock price and detailed information including RDTCF news, historical charts and realtime prices. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksBPC-157 regenerates dopamine (more information, below) which is generally depleted from alcoholism and drug use. More importantly, it has the potential to reverse the damage done to the brain due to addiction. 12. Finally, in terms of opioid addiction, the peptide inhibits action in the opioid system. 13. #6.Background BPC 157 is a stable gastric pentadecapeptide recently implicated with a role in hemostasis. While NO is largely implicated in hemostatic mechanisms, in tail-amputation-models under heparin- and warfarin-administration, both the NO-synthase (NOS)-blocker, L-NAME (prothrombotic) and the NOS-substrate L-arginine …It was found that BPC 157 consistently improved given burn healing. Likewise, accelerated healing of excisional skin wounds in rats was observed following BPC 157 treatment. It produced a dose-dependent …BPC 157 Dosage and Cycle Guidelines. Although you can orally ingest BPC 157 or administer it via an injection, most anecdotal evidence of BPC 157 dosage comes from users who have or are currently injecting this supplement. These users insist that that BPC 157’s dosage ranges between 1-10mcg per kilogram of your body weight.If you’re going to inject BPC 157, you should be careful to measure the correct dosage. Generally, people who will inject BPC 157 do so at a dosage range of between 1-10mcg/kg. There is no universal dosing schedule for BPC-157, but most people take it twice per day. The first dose should be taken on an empty stomach, and the second dose ...BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide that is being investigated for its regenerative effects. It shows high efficacy for rats suffering toxic or surgical trauma, but there is currently little evidence that it provides benefits for people. ... by 129+/-7% and 152+/-14% when administered in doses of 0.01 μg and 0.1 μg, respectively.Anecdotal reports have suggested similar dosage ranges for BPC-157 usage in humans, typically falling within the range of 2-4 mcg/kg or 0.9-1.8mcg/lb. The most widely speculated daily dosage for ...The injury protocol I’m interested in is 250mcg of BPC-157, twice a day (500mcg total). I’m trying to figure out how many of the 5mg vials to purchase from Peptide Sciences for a month of doses. I have 1cc/ml 100-unit 29g insulin syringes for IM, which I’m already familiar with.What is the Recommended Dosage for BPC-157? The recommended dosage for BPC-157 is between 2-10 mcg per kg of body weight. It is best to start with a lower dose and gradually increase it until you find the dose that works best for you.. BPC-157; TB-500; Reproductive Health & Tanning Menu Toggle. Melanotan 1; Melanotan 2; PT-141; Longevity & Skin Care Menu Toggle. Epithalon; GHK-Cu; ... Some clinicians favor a higher starting dose for the initial 1 to 2 weeks, followed by a maintenance dose equal to one half of the original dose for the 2 to 6 weeks thereafter.BPC-157; TB-500; Reproductive Health & Tanning Menu Toggle. Melanotan 1; Melanotan 2; PT-141; Longevity & Skin Care Menu Toggle. Epithalon; GHK-Cu; ... Some clinicians favor a higher starting dose for the initial 1 to 2 weeks, followed by a maintenance dose equal to one half of the original dose for the 2 to 6 weeks thereafter.To further confirm this result, we treated tendon fibroblasts with BPC 157 at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL) for 24 h and the expression of growth hormone receptor was found to increase in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 1 A,C).More interestingly, BPC 157, at the concentration of 0.5 μg/mL, significantly induced the …Bone broth is a nutritious and delicious way to get your daily dose of minerals, vitamins, and collagen. It’s also incredibly easy to make at home, so you can enjoy it any time you want. Here are some tips for making the perfect bone broth ...BPC-157 is surprisingly free of side effects, and has been shown in research that's been happening since 1991 to repair tendon, muscle, intestines, teeth, bone and …Nov 9, 2021 · Here we focused on the stable gastric pentadecapeptide, BPC 157 as a potential treatment for COVID-19 patients. BPC 157 is a peptide that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and endothelium-protecting effects in different organ systems in various species. BPC 157 has been reviewed as a likely mediator of Robert’s stomach ... Body-protective compound (BPC) 157 demonstrates protective effects against damage to various organs and tissues. For future clinical applications, we had previously established a solid-phase synthesis process for BPC157, verified its biological activity in different wound models, and completed preclinical safety evaluations. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics, excretion ...Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 is an anti-ulcer peptidergic agent, safe in inflammatory bowel disease clinical trials (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV, M.W. 1419, PL 14736) and wound healing, stable in human gastric juice and has no reported toxicity. We focused on BPC 157 as a therapy in peridontitis, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, intestine, liver ...Jul 16, 2014 ... In line with the excitatory dose of capsaicin the beneficial effectiveness of BPC 157 appears to be increased as well (Table 4). Taken together, ...BPC 157 has received attention as a potential treatment for a number of medical conditions, most notably Inflammatory bowel syndrome and healing of stomach ulcers. ... BPC-157 is thought to be very safe. In fact, there are no reported side effects (like most peptides), and no lethal dose has been found. It is also one of the few peptides that ...Aug 4, 2021 · Abstract. We reviewed the pleiotropic beneficial effects of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, three very recent demonstrations that may be essential in the gut-brain and brain-gut axis operation, and therapy application in the central nervous system disorders, in particular. Firstly, given in the reperfusion, BPC 157 counteracted ... Yes, BPC-157 can be used for camels. If you participate in camel racing, all Thymosin Labs products can be very helpful, as this sport places high stress on the animals’ joints and connective tissues. Unlike most peptides, which have been proven to be effective only via administration by injection, there are lingering questions surrounding ...For example, the recommended dosage of BPC-157 is 1mcg to 10mcg per kg of body weight which accounts for 200mcg to 1000mcg per injection. But note that BPC-157 is not approved by the FDA for human use. On the other hand, TB-500, another potential peptide for quick healing is usually dosed at 7.66mg per week.What is the Recommended Dosage for BPC-157? The recommended dosage for BPC-157 is between 2-10 mcg per kg of body weight. It is best to start with a lower dose and gradually increase it until you find the dose that works best for you.Table of Contents What Is BPC-157 And How Does It Work? BPC-157 Safety and Side Effects BPC-157 Benefits Improved Healing Enhanced Brain Function …Although, BPC 157 counteraction was slower than that of naloxone, it may be seen with very small dose as well. When haloperidol, a central dopamine-antagonist, enhanced morphine-analgesia, BPC 157 counteracted this enhancement and naloxone reestablished the basic values of pain reaction. BPC 157 can be taken orally or via injection, either subcutaneous (under the skin) or intramuscular (directly into the muscle). Of course, injections of any substance carry their own risks and require medical supervision. Anecdotally, several users report cycling BPC 157, while others use lower doses over extended periods of time (> 6 months ...RDTCF: Get the latest Rapid Dose Therapeutics stock price and detailed information including RDTCF news, historical charts and realtime prices. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksStable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 is an anti-ulcer peptidergic agent, safe in inflammatory bowel disease clinical trials (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV, M.W. 1419, PL 14736) and wound healing, stable in human gastric juice and has no reported toxicity. We focused on BPC 157 as a therapy in peridontitis, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, intestine, liver ...BPC-157 is surprisingly free of side effects, and has been shown in research that's been happening since 1991 to repair tendon, muscle, intestines, teeth, bone and …Oct 4, 2023 · For example, the recommended dosage of BPC-157 is 1mcg to 10mcg per kg of body weight which accounts for 200mcg to 1000mcg per injection. But note that BPC-157 is not approved by the FDA for human use. On the other hand, TB-500, another potential peptide for quick healing is usually dosed at 7.66mg per week. Table of Contents What Is BPC-157 And How Does It Work? BPC-157 Safety and Side Effects BPC-157 Benefits Improved Healing Enhanced Brain Function …BPC-157 is surprisingly free of side effects, and has been shown in research that's been happening since 1991 to repair tendon, muscle, intestines, teeth, bone and …Indices Commodities Currencies StocksThe nasal administration of BPC-157 is not the most effective, but it comes with its own benefit. When using a nasal spray to get your dose of BPC-157, it's recommended to use two sprays per day, one in the morning and one in the evening. While it can be used to protect multiple areas in the body, one of the main ones is the brain.BPC-157 Dosage; KPV Dosage; TB-500 Dosage; Reproductive Health & Tanning Menu Toggle. Kisspeptin-10 Dosage; Melanotan 1 Dosage; Melanotan 2 Dosage; PT-141 Dosage ... The addition of growth hormone to BPC 157-treated tendon fibroblasts dose- and time-dependently increased the cell proliferation as determined by MTT assay and PCNA expression by RT/real-time PCR. Janus kinase 2, the downstream signal pathway of growth hormone receptor, was activated time-dependently by stimulating the BPC 157 …In this respect, BPC 157 was concluded to be the most potent angiomodulatory agent, acting through different vasoactive pathways and systems (e.g. NO, VEGF, FAK) and leading to optimization of the vascular response followed, as it has to be expected, by optimization of the healing process. Formation of new blood vessels involves two main ...Mar 3, 2020 · As of January 1, 2022, the experimental peptide BPC-157 is prohibited under the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List. Furthermore, this substance is not approved for human clinical use by any global regulatory authority and it may lead to negative health effects. Keep reading for more information on a peptide that is making its way ... Typically people will add 2ml. 2. betterselfi • 2 yr. ago. You can add either 2.5 ml or 3 ml to a 5 mg BPC 157 vial. People usually inject 250 mcg twice a day to a total of 500 mcg. Here is a calculator that can help you. 5. bizurton • 2 yr. ago. Nice, thanks for the quick info!Learn how to properly mix, dose, and store peptides! Discover peptide reconstitution, dosages, and proper way to store peptides. We analyze bacteriostatic water vs sterile water & dosing conversions. ... bpc-157 comes in different mg strengths. For 10 mg use 6.0 ml water. Dosing depends on mcg per shot. 300 mcg=.18ml (18 units on …BPC-157, in either situation, What's better for acute injury; What's better for an injury that hasn't healed yet for two years? BPC at a high dose in a short time or low dose over a long time? For eg, smaller doses of 125-250mcg per day for months or larger dose of 500-1000mcg for a couple months?Get the REAL Masculine Medicine:https://masculinemed.comGet Your Free Testosterone Boosting Guide & Join the Man-Hood Newsletter https://masculine-medicine.c...The addition of growth hormone to BPC 157-treated tendon fibroblasts dose- and time-dependently increased the cell proliferation as determined by MTT assay and PCNA expression by RT/real-time PCR. Janus kinase 2, the downstream signal pathway of growth hormone receptor, was activated time-dependently by stimulating the BPC 157-treated tendon ...Typically people will add 2ml. 2. betterselfi • 2 yr. ago. You can add either 2.5 ml or 3 ml to a 5 mg BPC 157 vial. People usually inject 250 mcg twice a day to a total of 500 mcg. Here is a calculator that can help you. 5. bizurton • 2 yr. ago. Nice, thanks for the quick info!Nov 19, 2014 · The addition of growth hormone to BPC 157-treated tendon fibroblasts dose- and time-dependently increased the cell proliferation as determined by MTT assay and PCNA expression by RT/real-time PCR. Janus kinase 2, the downstream signal pathway of growth hormone receptor, was activated time-dependently by stimulating the BPC 157-treated tendon ... Sep 28, 2020 · You can overcome this by stopping BPC entirely, starting with a lower dose or combining BPC 157 with other peptides that prime the immune system, like Thymosin Alpha-1. Thymosin Alpha-1 (TA1) is an FDA approved peptide (unlike BPC 157) and a large body of research supports its benefits. BPC-157 Benefits. BPC-157 is a cytoprotective compound, that, on a molecular level, interacts with and modulates other proteins and their pathways. These mainly include pathways involved in tissue remodelling and repair, as well as in the reduction of oxidative stress. Therefore, physiologically, BPC-157 is a peptide that helps to repair tissue ...If you’re going to inject BPC 157, you should be careful to measure the correct dosage. Generally, people who will inject BPC 157 do so at a dosage range of between 1-10mcg/kg. There is no universal dosing schedule for BPC-157, but most people take it twice per day. The first dose should be taken on an empty stomach, and the second dose ...A BPC 157 dosage calculator can be useful in converting doses for various formats. The dosages in the 2015 clinical trial above are for oral administration. Injected BPC 157 can generally be administered at a lower dose, particularly if the research is focused on BPC 157 benefits in local healing as opposed to systemic outcomes.NASAL BPC-157 is the most potent and superior version for every kind of administration; in fact, the majority of BPC-157 studies to date have used BPC-157 as their experimental peptide. Also, most of these studies used Nasal administration of BPC-157 or concluded that it would be the best method of application due to its enhanced healing of a ...No.1970メガネ GLASSE HSE【度数入り込み価格】. ¥ 7,125. 洗濯機 日立 白い約束 ホワイト 2015年式. 超人気の ダイアナ セルディア シェイク ダブルベリー ダイエット食品. 超人気の ダイエット食品-ダイアナ セルディア シェイク ダブルベリー - peptidecalc.com.Recent Advances: BPC 157 has practical applicability (given alone, with the same dose range, and same equipotent routes of application, regardless the injury tested). Critical Issues: By simultaneously curing cutaneous and other tissue wounds (colocutaneous, gastrocutaneous, esophagocutaneous, duodenocutaneous, vesicovaginal, and rectovaginal ...BPC 157 is still awaiting full-blown human trials, so addressing the ideal dosage is tricky. BPC 157 is often used daily for up to 3 months. After 3 months, it is recommended that individuals take a one-month break from using it. The general dosage is 2.5-3.75 micrograms per kilogram of body weight, administered twice a day. BPC 157 dosage Equivalent to human Relevant to equivalent dose for clinical use Main conclusions; Single-dose toxicity study in rats (i.v., i.m.) 20 mg/kg: 3.2 mg/kg: 969 times: No significant influence: Single-dose toxicity study in beagle dogs (i.m.) 10 mg/kg: 5.31 mg/kg: 1600 times: No significant influence: Repeat dose toxicity in rats (1 ...